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Video Codecs

A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder.

Formats

Proprietary

FormatWhen introducedMajor developersUsed for
H.261November 1988Hitachi, PictureTel, NTT, BT, Toshiba
MPEG-1December 1991Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)VHS, CD
MPEG-2/H.262November 1994Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG), MPEGDVD, SDTV
MPEG-4/H.263March 1996VCEG3GP, Flash Video, RealVideo
MPEG-4 AVC/H.264May 2003Joint Video Team (JVT): VCEG, MPEGBlu-ray Discs, YouTube, Netflix, Adobe Flash Player, HDTV
HEVC/H.265June 2013Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC): MPEG, VCEGThe adoption of HEVC has been hampered by its complex licensing structure.
VVCJuly 2020Joint Video Experts Team (JVET): VCEG, MPEG

Open and Free

FormatWhen introducedMajor developersUsed for
VP8May 2010On2 Technologies (acquired by Google)WebRTC, WebM, WebP, YouTube
VP9June 2013GoogleWebM, YouTube, Netflix, Google TV
AV1March 2018Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia)AVIF, Netflix, YouTube, Twitch
AV2May 2026Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia)

Hardware Acceleration

DirectX Video Acceleration (DXVA) is an API and a corresponding DDI for using hardware acceleration to speed up video processing on Windows. Software codecs and software video processors can use DXVA to offload certain CPU-intensive operations to the GPU.

Decoder device support status:

References